1) What is Object Oriented Programming?
Answer: Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that is based on the concept of "objects," which are data structures that contain both data and functions that operate on that data. In OOP, objects are used to model real-world concepts and entities, and the functions within an object are used to perform actions on the data that the object contains. This allows for the creation of complex, modular programs that are easier to understand, maintain, and extend. OOP languages, such as Java, C++, and Python, support the creation of classes, which are templates for objects, and the use of inheritance, which allows classes to inherit the properties and behavior of other classes.
2) What is the difference between a Stack and a Queue?
Answer:
Stack: A stack is a linear data structure in which elements can be inserted and deleted only from one side of the list, called the top. A stack follows the LIFO (Last In First Out) principle, i.e., the element inserted at the last is the first element to come out.
Queue: A queue is a linear data structure in which elements can be inserted only from one side of the list called rear, and the elements can be deleted only from the other side called the front. The queue data structure follows the FIFO (First In First Out) principle, i.e. the element inserted at first in the list, is the first element to be removed from the list.
3) What is SQL?
Answer: SQL stands for Structured Query Language , and it is used to communicate with the Database. This is a standard language used to perform tasks such as retrieval, updation, insertion and deletion of data from a database.
Standard SQL Commands are Select.
4) What is the main difference between a computer program and computer software?
Answer: A computer program is a piece of programming code. It performs a well-defined task. On the other hand, the software includes programming code, documentation and user guide.
5) What Is A Thread?
Answer : A thread is a basic unit of CPU utilization. In general, a thread is composed of a thread ID, program counter, register set and the stack.
6) What is a primary key?
Answer: A primary key is a combination of fields which uniquely specify a row. This is a special kind of unique key, and it has implicit NOT NULL constraint. It means, Primary key values cannot be NULL.
7) What is a unique key?
Answer: A Unique key constraint uniquely identified each record in the database. This provides uniqueness for the column or set of columns.
A Primary key constraint has automatic unique constraint defined on it. But not, in the case of Unique Key.
There can be many unique constraint defined per table, but only one Primary key constraint defined per table.
8) What is software re-engineering?
Answer: It is a process of software development which is done to improve the maintainability of a software system.
9) What is Network Topology?
Answer: Network Topology is a physical layout of the computer network and it defines how the computers, devices, cables etc are connected to each other.
10) What are Routers?
Answer: The router is a network device that connects two or more network segments. The router is used to transfer information from the source to the destination.
Routers send the information in terms of data packets and when these data packets are forwarded from one router to another router then the router reads the network address in the packets and identifies the destination network.
11) What is the difference between hasmap and hastable
Answer :- There are several differences between HashMap and Hashtable in Java:
Hashtable is synchronized, whereas HashMap is not. This makes HashMap better for non-threaded applications, as unsynchronized Objects typically perform better than synchronized ones.
Hashtable does not allow null keys or values. HashMap allows one null key and any number of null values.
HashMap is not an ordered collection which means it does not return the keys and values in the same order in which they have been inserted into the HashMap
Code for HashTable
public class Hash TableExample {
public static void main (String args[ ])
{ Hashtable<Integer,String>ht=newHashtable<Integer,String>();
ht.put(100,"pune");
ht.put(101,"mumbai");
System.out.println(ht.get(100)); System.out.println(ht.get(101));
}
}
12) What is feasibility study?
Answer: It is a measure to find out how practical and beneficial the software project development will prove to the organization. The software analyzer conducts a study to know the economic, technical and operational feasibility of the project.
Economic: It includes the cost of training, cost of additional and tools and overall estimation of costs and benefits of the project.
Technical: It evaluate technical aspect. Is it possible to develop this system? Assessing the suitability of machine(s) and OS on which software will execute, knowledge of the software development and tools available for this project.
Operational: Here the analyst need to assess that the organization will able to adjust smoothly to the changes done as per the demand for the project. Is the problem worth solving at the estimated cost?
After, studying all this the final feasibility report is created.
13) What are functional and non-functional requirements?
Answer: Functional requirements are functional features which are expected by users from the proposed software product.
Non-functional requirements are related to security, performance, look, and feel of the user interface.
14) How can you measure project execution?
Answer: We can measure project execution using Activity Monitoring, Status Reports, and Milestone Checklists.
15) Tell me about some project management tools.
Answer: There are many types of management tools used as per the need for a software project. Some of them are Pert Chart, Gantt Chart, Resource Histogram, Status Reports, etc.
